Tradition
Classical
Tradition
Life
and time of sankardeva and his
apostles.
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Tree of Sankardeva
Philosophy
of Sankardeva
Faith
and tenets
Manuscript
Painting
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institute
Sankardeva
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Moran
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Taiphake
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kacharis
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Room
Gateway
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Rediscovering
the Core
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Faith
and tenets :
contd...
There are nine mods of bhakti (sravana, kritana,
simarana, pada-sevana, arcna, vandana, dasya, sakhya, atmanivedana).
Of these the Assam Vaisnavas considered sravana and kritanna to be
sufficient as the religious endeavour of man towards the highest consummation
possible. They are accessible to the highest and the lowest alike,
and no rigid theocratic laws are to be followed by the votary; and
much of the vagaries of form and formality is also reduce to the minimum
. A novice (prakrta bhakta) may , if he likes , worship Visnu-Krsna
in an image, for arcane is admitted as one of the nine modes of bhakti;
but the most palpable image of the Lord is no stone or clay, but his
ardent bhakta, whose company is to be sought by all means. One who
spurns the bhakta and goes to seek salvation from an ideol is' whose'
than a bull' (garuto adhama, Sankaradeva, Kirtana ghosa 3.61; sa eva
\gokharah . Bhag - p. 10.48.13). The Lord, moreover, has no other
image than the word (mantramurtim, Bhag. P, - 1.5.38). The ideol bhakta,
therefore, worship the Lord within with but what his hear can offer
( Sankaradeva Bhakti ratnakura 9, citing Bhag. P.11.27.15).
Like a mystic , Sankaradeva realized that God lived
broadcase in the general hearts of all creatures, and it is only
when we miss* this* truth that we go to seek him outside (Kritana
ghosa, 8.11). Idolworship does not play any important part in Sankardeva's
system and this small bit of ritualism can also be done away with
if the devotee wishes. The activities in the sattras consist of
prayer services, divided into a day-long programme of three to fourteen
parts, each called to prasanga or nama-prasanga. These are held
in the congregation hall (kirtana graha, namghar), where the object
of veeration is the guru-asane, with some works of the master in
ancident folios. And this is how namadharma is performed. The secret
formula confided by the superior to the novice ath the time of inititation
into bhakticonsists of four names of the Lord; rama-krsna-hari-narayana,
the initiate must cultivate intimate faith in and resign himself
to the power of, four vastus, or reals, which are nama, the sacred
name of Lord God, deva Visnu-Krisna, the sole refuge of the jives,
guru, the religious preceptor, who directs the initiate's faltering
steps to the way unto the Lord, and bhakta the intimate fraternity
in whose company to seek out the Lord of Love. Of the different
attitude of bhakti Sankaradeva advocated dasys, or servitude, the
servant and God as the master and the servant is to know none other
than God as vlaiming his all out devotion. The Radha-Krsna cult
is not acknowledged in this system of Vaisnavism, nor is any sakti
of Visnu to be recognized in his worship.
Sankardeva was a sudra, but accepted brahmanas as
his disciples, who made such obeisance to him as spiritual guru
was due to receive. This was one of his actions that could not be
approved by the orthodox supporters of casteism and Sankaradeva
had to render an explanation in the Koc court. Damodaradeva also
was taken to book for accepting a sudra's religion . The explanation
offer was that a sudra might be debarred from rendering vedic mantras
to other people, but is free to give nama-mantra to any person.
In Sankardeva's system, therefore, we find Brahman disciples of
sudra teachers, and even people who are untouchables in other parts
of India in the following of a sattra in succession to a sudra.
No body , on the other hand, is to be considered as unfit for securing
initiation into the cult on caste considerations. Among the disciples
of Sankardeva and Madhavadeva were Candsai and Jayahari, both Musalmans;
bovinda, a Garo ; Jayanada , a Bhutiya; Madhava of Jayanti of the
Hira or potters profession; Srirama, believed to have been a kaivarta
and Damodara a baniys. A later superior , Sriramadeva, administered
ordination to some Nagas, Ahom, Kocces, Miris (Mising), Kacharis,
Marans and people of many other tribes were also freely converted
to the Vaisnavism of Sankaradeva's order . It is the catholic outlook
of this religion that could thus unify different peoples into one
spiritual fraternity, and also achieve a cultural synthesis.
Sankaradeva was a house - holder, and Madhavadeva
lived a life of celibacy. One need not forsake the world they taught,
to find God. If was probably the ideal of Madhavadeva's individual
life that brought into being an order of ascetics (kevaliya), who
formed the innermost circle within the sattras. But there could
be married persons as well as monks I those establishments as divines
or ordinary residents. There is no order of nuns, and women ingeneral
are not allowed to mix with the men in congregations. There are,
of course, instances of women holding the position of Superiors
. Sankardeva's grand-daughter in law . Kanakalata made a definite
contribution to the growth of the sattra system when she organized
the vardowa group therein and on her own appointed twelve deputies,
all men of course, as heads of sattras.
 
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